Science Archives - SuperMag

Taxonomy

October 9, 2023November 28, 2023 pcsclasses

Taxonomy In biology, taxonomy refers to the scientific study of naming, defining, and classifying groups of biological organisms on the basis of shared characteristics. It is the process of classification based on the external features as well as internal structures, development process, and ecological information of organisms, etc. Classical Taxonomy The concept of classical or old taxonomy has existed since the time of Aristotle and Theophrastus and continued up to Linnaeus. According to classical taxonomy: Species is the basic unit of taxonomy, that can be described on the basis of…

Human Digestive System

September 4, 2023October 27, 2023 pcsclasses

Human Digestive System Human beings consist of a well-developed digestive system for nutrition. Human nutrition deals with the provision of essential nutrients in food that are necessary to support good health and life. As we all know, good nutrition is essential for physical and mental growth, so it is highly recommended to take care of it for the whole of humankind. The digestive system of humans consists of an alimentary canal which is associated with digestive glands. Alimentary Canal The human alimentary canal is a continuous muscular digestive tube measuring…

Transport in Plants

May 26, 2023July 14, 2024 pcsclasses

Transport in Plants Plants perform the process of transportation in different ways in both short distance as well as long distances. The long-distance transport occurs mainly through vascular tissues (i.e., xylem, and phloem) and the process is called translocation. Over small distances, materials move through diffusion, cytoplasmic streaming, and active transport. Absorption of water in plants: The water is absorbed through roots and transported to the tip of the growing stem. The process involves diffusion, osmosis, and water potential gradient. diffusion Means of Transport in Plants There are three important…

Carbon Sink

March 12, 2023July 31, 2023 pcsclasses

Carbon Sink Carbon sink is a natural or artificial reservoir that absorbs and stores Carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. Why in the news? India has committed in its NDC – to create an additional carbon sink of 2.5 to 3 billion tonnes of CO2 equivalent through additional forest and tree cover by 2030. The functions of Carbon sink: Carbon sink absorbs and stores CO2 from the atmosphere. Carbon sink help to reduce the amount of CO2 in the atmosphere and migrate the negative effects of climate change. Creating new carbon…

Dentition in Mammals – Types of teeth and dental formula

June 30, 2022July 25, 2023 pcsclasses

Dentition in Mammals Dentition means the arrangement of teeth in the upper and lower jaws on the premaxilla, maxilla, and dentary bones. Development of tooth: Teeth develop over the jaw bone where certain Malpighian cells start actively multiplying forming a mass of cells called dental lamina or enamel organ. A dental papilla made of a group of dermal cells appears below the dental lamina which supplies nourishment. Epidermal cells of the dental lamina that cover the growing dentine are called ameloblast cells. The tooth gradually grows outwards and eventually gets…

Migration in Birds: Adaptations, Reasons, and Types of Migration

June 26, 2022July 15, 2023 pcsclasses

Migration in Birds: Adaptation, Reason, and Types of Migration

Migration in Birds Migration in birds is a phenomenon in which birds travel from one place to another in search of favorable conditions and more resources for their survival. The migration also involves the journey to return to the original place. The migration in birds takes place during seasonal change or movement between breeding or non-breeding location. The birds cover long distances in order to reach their destination during the migration journey, it is a difficult process, as they need more food, high energy, water, etc. to fly for a…

Flight or Aerial Adaptation in Birds

June 23, 2022July 25, 2023 pcsclasses

Flight or Aerial Adaptation in Birds The birds have a unique ability to fly and for this, there are various adaptations are acquired. In birds, the most obvious adaptation to flight is the wing, but the flight is so energy-demanding, that’s why birds have evolved many other adaptations to improve the efficiency of their flight. Types of flight adaptation in birds There are two main types of flight or aerial adaptation in birds: Morphological adaptation Anatomical adaptation Morphological Adaptation Most birds show the following important morphological flight adaptations: Body contour:…

Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants

June 14, 2022February 26, 2023 pcsclasses

Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants The flower is the reproductive part of a plant. In papaya, the flower is unisexual and contains either stamen or pistil and it may be bisexual as in mustard, and hibiscus. Parts of flower – sepals, petals, stamens, and pistils. Calyx – consisting of sepals, Corolla – consisting of petals, Androecium – consisting of stamens, Gynoecium or pistil – consisting of carpels. (Stamens and pistils found in flowers are the reproductive parts that contain germ cells). Stamen: is the male reproductive part of the flower…

Characters of Archaeopteryx

March 30, 2022September 21, 2023 pcsclasses

Characters of Archaeopteryx Archaeopteryx was a primitive bird consisting of feathers. It is a genus of bird-like- dinosaurs. Archaeopteryx was accepted by paleontologists as the oldest known bird (member of group Avialae). Archaeopteryx is considered a transitional fossil between dinosaurs and modern birds. Its German name is “Urogel”. Scientific position of Archaeopteryx: Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Clade: Dinosauria Order: Saurischia Suborder: Theropoda Clade: Avialae Family: Archaeopterygidae Genus: Archaeopteryx Phylogenetic position of Archaeopteryx: Modern paleontology has often classified Archaeopteryx as the most primitive bird. It is not thought to be a…