Indian Councils Act of 1909

Indian Councils Act of 1909

Indian Councils Act of 1909 Indian Councils Act of 1909 is also known as Morley-Minto Reforms. It was named after Lord Morley, the then secretary of state for India, and Lord Minto, the then viceroy of India. The Morley-Minto Reforms were announced only to placate the moderate nationalists. It was a part of the policy of dividing Hindus and Muslims and thus maintaining British supremacy in India. The Indian Councils Act of 1909 checked the progress of India’s unification which had been a continuous historical process. Features of the Indian…

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Quit India Movement

Quit India Movement

Quit India Movement After the failure of the Cripps mission, a resolution was framed under Mahatma Gandhi for the withdrawal of British rule through a non–violent non-cooperation movement. On 14 July 1942, the Congress Working Committee met at Wardha and resolved the idea of struggle. On August 8, 1942, the Quit India Resolution was ratified at the Congress meeting at Gowalia Tank, Bombay. Gandhi Jee was authorized as the leader of the non–violent mass movement. This resolution is referred to as the ‘Quit India’ movement also known as August Kranti.…

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August Offer (1940)

August Offer (1940)

August Offer (1940) The August offer was announced by Viceroy Linlithgow on 8 August 1940 from Shimla,  in the hope of cooperation of Indians in Britain’s efforts in World war II. But the proposal was rejected by both Congress and the Muslim league. Background: The fall of Belgium, Holland, and France in world war II left Britain in immediate danger of Nazi occupation as the war has undertaken a new turn. The British government announced the participation of India in war without consulting Indian leaders, that was agitated the Indian…

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White Mutiny (1859-1861)

white mutiny

White Mutiny (1859-1861) The White Mutiny (1859- 1861) was the largest revolt, the British army faced ever. It was a revolt of European troops of the East India Company against their transfer to the service of the Queen of England. Reason for White Mutiny: In the wake of the transfer of power from the British East India Company to the British Crown, a section of European forces employed under the company resented the move which required the presidency armies to transfer their allegiance from the defunct Company to the Queen,…

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Dual Government in Bengal (1765-72)

Dual Government in Bengal (1765-72)

Dual Government in Bengal (1765-72) Robert Clive was made Governor of Bengal after the Battle of Buxar, and the Company became master of Bengal after the battle. Robert Clive introduced the dual system of government i.e. the rule of two in Bengal- one is the Company and another is the Nawab. The system of dual government in Bengal was active in the period of 1765 to 1972. It was abolished by Warren Hastings in 1772. The work was differentiated as follows: Administration In Bengal Under Dual Government Diwani and Nizamat came…

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Battle of Buxar (1764)

Battle of Buxar

Battle of Buxar (1764) The Battle of Buxar was fought on 23 October 1764, between the forces of East India Company under Hector Munro, and the combined armies of Mir Qasim, the Nawab of Bengal; Shuja-ud-Daulah, the Nawab of Awadh, and the Mughal Emperor Shah Alam II. The Battle was fought at Buxar, then a territory of Bengal, and it was a decisive victory for the British East India Company. Background of Battle: As the company thought that Mir Qasim would be an ideal puppet for them, but he belied…

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The Battle of Plassey (1757)

battle of Plassey

The Battle of Plassey (1757) Introduction: The Battle of Plassey was a decisive victory of the British East India Company over a much larger force of Nawab of Bengal and French troops together on 23 June 1757. The Leader of the British was Robert Clive. After the victory, the Company Seizes control of Bengal, and the victory cited the source of British Company rule in India, by giving ultimate power. Important Facts of the battle of  Plassey: Battle of Plassey: 23 June 1757 Fought Between: British East India Company under…

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Third Carnatic War (1758-63)

Third Carnatic War (1758-63)

Third Carnatic War (1758-63) Important facts of the war The war fought between The British and French Year Of  War – 1758 to 63 Place- Carnatic in Southern India Result of the war – The British defeated the French Lally taken as a prisoner of war at Landon returned to France and there he was executed in 1766. Background: The outbreak of the Seven Years’ War (1756 to 1763) in Europe in 1756 resulted in renewed conflict between French and British forces in India. Britain and France were once again…

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Second Carnatic War (1749-54)

Second Carnatic War (1749-54)

Second Carnatic War (1749-54) The second Carnatic war was fought between Nasir Jung, the Nizam and his follower Muhammad Ali with the support of English, and Chanda Sahib and Muzaffar Jung with support of the French. The war lasted from 1749 to 1754. Background of the war: It was continued after the first Carnatic War, and the background provided by Anglo-French rivalry in India. French under the leadership of Dupleix succeeded in the first Carnatic war, and their power and position in politics increased southern India. Dupleix Succeeded in the first…

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