Category: Polity

Indian Councils Act of 1909

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Indian Councils Act of 1909

Indian Councils Act of 1909 Indian Councils Act of 1909 is also known as Morley-Minto Reforms. It was named after Lord Morley, the then secretary of state for India, and Lord Minto, the then viceroy of India. The Morley-Minto Reforms were announced only to placate the moderate nationalists. It was a part of the policy of dividing Hindus and Muslims and thus maintaining British supremacy in India. The Indian Councils Act of 1909 checked the progress of India’s unification which had been a continuous historical process. Features of the Indian…

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Sarkaria Commission

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Sarkaria Commission

Sarkaria Commission: Background, Recommendations, Significances Various committees and commissions are important for the UPSC IAS exam, which includes pre-independence commissions like the Hunter Commission, Simon Commission, and others. Turning back to the topic, post-independence commissions hold an important part in the development of our country and therefore are an important part of the UPSC Syllabus for Indian polity and governance. One of the most important post-independence commissions is the Sarkaria Commission, which has given important recommendations for center-state relations. On that note, let’s learn all about the Sarkaria Commission and…

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The Governor- Indian polity

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constitutional position of governor

The Governor- Indian polity -(Article 153-162) Introduction: The Governor is the chief executive head of the state; he acts as the nominal head whereas the real power lies with the Chief ministers of the states. The role of the Governor is similar to the president as he is the constitutional head, the governors perform the same duties as that of a President, for the state. The Governor acts as an agent of the central government, so the office of the governor has a dual role. He functions as a link…

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The President of India (Article 52-62)

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Articles related to President

The President of India Introduction: Articles 52 to 78  in Part V of the Indian constitution, deal with the Union executive. It consists of the Vice President, the Prime minister, the Council of ministers, and the attorney general of India. The President (Article 52) of India is referred to as the first citizen of India. The president of India is the head of the state of India and the Supreme Commander of the Indian Armed Forces. The position of president is largely a ceremonial one and executive powers are de…

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Fundamental Duties in the Indian Constitution

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Fundamental duties in Indian Constitution

Fundamental Duties in the Indian Constitution Fundamental duties are enshrined in Article 51A under Part IVA. The fundamental duties in the Indian Constitution are inspired by USSR. The Fundamental Duties were added to the constitution through the 42nd Constitutional Amendment Act 1976, on the basis of the recommendation of the Swaran Singh Committee. Originally Fundamental Duties were ten in number and increased to eleven by the 86th Amendment in 2002, which added a duty on every parent or guardian to ensure that their child or ward was provided opportunities for…

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Indian Independence Act of 1947

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Mind map of Indian independence Act of 1947

Indian Independence Act of 1947 (For UPSC) Clement Attlee, the prime minister of Britain declared on 20 Feb 1947, that British rule will end in India by 30 June 1948 and the power would be transferred to Indians. On the third of June 1947, the British government made clear that the provinces are free to decide whether they want to be part of the constituent assembly of India (that was formed in 1946) or not. Mountbatten plan: Lord Mountbatten, the viceroy of India proposed a partition plan (this was also…

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Constitutional Development of India

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constitutional development of India

Constitutional Development of India The constitutional development of India began with the Regulating Act of 1773. The previous events played a significant role, as the interference of the Company increased in Indian politics. The East India Company got Diwani (revenue collection rights) after the battle of Buxar (1764). We discuss the main provisions of some important Acts given below: The Regulating Act of 1773 Pits India Act of 1784 The Act of 1786 The Charter Act of 1793 The Charter Act of 1813 The Charter Act of 1833 The Charter…

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List of Important Constitutional Amendments in Indian Constitution

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list of important amendments in India

List of important Constitutional Amendments in the Indian Constitution 1st Amendment Act of 1951 (P.M Jawaharlal Nehru) Inserted Article 31A and 32B, schedule 9. It has Empowered the state for making special provisions for the advancement of socially and economically backward classes. It also provided for the saving of laws providing for the acquisition of estates, etc. Added three more grounds of restrictions on freedom of speech and expression, i.e. public order, friendly relations with foreign states, and incitement to an offense. Provided that the state trading and nationalization of…

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Important Articles of the Indian Constitution

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important articles of Indian constitution

Important Articles of the Indian Constitution We are listing here some important articles of the Indian constitution which are always asked in various exams like UPSC, UPPSC, BPSC, other states PCS, SSC, and other exams. List of Important articles of the Indian constitution and related matters: Article Related matter 1 Name and territory of the Union 3 Formation of new states and alteration of areas, boundaries, or names of existing states 12 Articles 12 to 35 are fundamental rights. these are the most important Visit Fundamental rights for details 14…

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Directive Principles of State Policy

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directive principles of state policies

Directive Principles of State Policy – (DPSPs of the Indian constitution) The idea of DPSP was borrowed from the Irish Constitution of 1937, it was copied from the Spanish Constitution. Directive Principles of State Policy are enumerated in Part IV of the Constitution from Articles 36 to 51. The Features of Directive Principles The DPSPs denote the ideals “the State should keep in mind while formulating policies and enacting laws”. It includes legislative and executive organs of the central and state governments, all local authorities, and all other public authorities…

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