Tiger Reserves in India

Project Tiger

Important facts about Project Tiger:

Project Tiger was launched by the Government of India in the year 1973 to save the endangered species of tiger in the country. Starting from nine (9) reserves in 1973, the number is grown up to fifty-four (54).

There are 54 tiger reserves in India, governed by Project Tiger. The Project Tiger is administered by the National Tiger Conservation Authority (NTCA).

  • Project Tiger is an ongoing Centrally Sponsored Scheme of the Ministry of Environment, Forests, and Climate Change providing central assistance to the tiger States for tiger conservation in designated tiger reserves.
  • Ranipur Tiger Reserve located in the Bundelkhand region of Uttar Pradesh became 54th Tiger Reserve of India.
NTCA: National Tiger Conservation Authority

Insights of NTCA:

The National Tiger Conservation Authority (NTCA) has been constituted under section 38 L (1) of the Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972

  1. Providing statutory authority to Project Tiger so that compliance with its directives becomes legal.
  2. Fostering accountability of Center-State in management of Tiger Reserves, by providing a basis for MoU with States within our federal structure.
  3. Providing for oversight by Parliament.
  4. Addressing livelihood interests of local people in areas surrounding Tiger Reserves.
Important facts about tigers
  • Scientific Name of Tiger: Panthera tigris
  • Position in IUCN category: Endangered
  • Madhya Pradesh is called as Tiger State

Numbers of Tigers in India: India has now 80 percent of tigers in the world. In 2006, there were 1,411 tigers which increased to 1,706 in 2010, 2,226 in 2014 and 2,967 in 2018. According to an estimation report, in 2018 more than half of the tigers in Madhya Pradesh and Karnataka. According to the 2022 tiger census the number of tigers in India is 3682, which indicates 6.1 percent annual growth.

Distribution of Tiers in India:

Maximum number of tigers found in –

    • 785 tigers – Madhya Pradesh
    • 524 tigers- Karnataka
    • 560 tigers- Uttarakhand
    • 444 tigers- Maharastra
    • 306 Tigers- Tamil Nadu
Statewide number of tigers in India

The statewide number of tigers in India

  • The number of wild tigers globally increased from 3,890 in 2016 to 5,575 in 2023 according to World Wildlife Fund and Global Tiger Forum

Techniques used for tiger Census:

  1. Pugmark Census Technique – Footprint (pug mark) recorded and Identified.
  2. DNA Fingerprinting- Identification of tigers from scats.
  3. Camera Trapping – The photograph of tigers identified with their stripes is a unique feature.

Internation Tiger Day: To raise awareness for tiger conservation, every year  29 July is celebrated as Global Tiger Day, also called International Tiger Day.

The Zones in Tiger Reserves in India:
  • The core areas have the legal status of a national park or a sanctuary,
  • whereas the buffer or peripheral areas are a mix of forest and non-forest land, managed as a multiple-use area.
  • Project Tiger aims to foster an exclusive tiger agenda in the core areas of tiger reserves, with an inclusive people-oriented agenda in the buffer.
Tiger reserves of India

Tiger Reserves of India

List of Tiger Reserves in India

The list of tiger reserves in India is given in the table:

S. No Name of Tiger Reserve Name of State
1 Bandipur (1973–74) Karnataka
2 Corbett (1973–74)

Jim Corbett National Park is the oldest national park in India and was established in 1936 as Hailey National Park to protect the endangered Bengal tiger.

It is located in the Nainital district and Pauri Garhwal district of Uttarakhand.

The park was the first to come under the Project Tiger initiative.

Some part of this tiger reserve comes under Uttar Pradesh is called the Amangarh Tiger reserve.

Uttarakhand
3 Kanha  (1973–74)

Kanha Tiger Reserve, also known as Kanha–Kisli National Park, is one of the tiger reserves of India and the largest national park of the state of Madhya Pradesh. 

Madhya Pradesh
4 Nagarjunsagar Srisailam (1982-83)

Nagarjunsagar-Srisailam Tiger Reserve is the largest tiger reserve in India. The reserve spreads over five districts, Kurnool District, Prakasam District, Guntur District, Nalgonda District, and Mahabub Nagar district.

Andhra Pradesh
5 Manas (1973–74)

Manas National Park or Manas Wildlife Sanctuary is a national park, UNESCO Natural World Heritage site, a Project Tiger reserve, an elephant reserve, and a biosphere reserve in Assam, India. Located in the Himalayan foothills,

Assam
6 Melghat (1973–74)

Melghat was declared a tiger reserve and was among the first nine tiger reserves notified in 1973-74 under the Project Tiger. 

Maharastra
7 Palamu ((1973–74))

The Palamau Tiger Reserve is in Jharkhand, India, and the only one in this state. It forms part of Betla National Park and Palamau Wildlife Sanctuary.

Jharkhand
8 Ranthambore (1973–74)

Ranthambore National Park is a national park in Rajasthan, northern India, it acquires an area of 1,334 km2 (515 sq mi). It is bounded to the north by the Banas River and to the south by the Chambal River.  Ranthambore National Park is named after the historic Ranthambore Fort, which lies within the park.

Rajasthan
9 Similipal (1973–74)

Similipal National Park is a national park and a tiger reserve in the Mayurbhanj district in the Indian state of Odisha covering 2,750 km2 (1,060 sq mi).

Odisha
10 Sunderbans (1973–74)

The Sundarbans National Park is a national park, tiger reserve, and biosphere reserve in West Bengal, India. It is part of the Sundarbans on the Ganges Delta, and adjacent to the Sundarban Reserve Forest in Bangladesh. 

West Bengal
11 Periyar  (1978–79)

Periyar National Park and Wildlife Sanctuary (PNP) is a protected area located in the districts of Idukki and Pathanamthitta in Kerala, India. It is notable as an elephant reserve and a tiger reserve

Kerala
12 Sariska (1978–79)

Sariska Tiger Reserve is a tiger reserve in Alwar district, Rajasthan, India. It stretches over an area of 881 km2 (340 sq mi) comprising scrub-thorn arid forests, dry deciduous forests, grasslands, and rocky hills.

Rajasthan
13 Buxa (1982–83)

Buxa Tiger Reserve is a tiger reserve in northern West Bengal, India, covering an area of 760 km2 (290 sq mi). In altitude, it ranges from 60 m (200 ft) in the Gangetic Plains to 1,750 m (5,740 ft) bordering the Himalayas in the north. At least 284 bird species inhabit the reserve. 

West Bengal
14 Indravati (1982–83)

Indravati National Park is a national park located in the Bijapur district of Chhattisgarh state of India. It derives its name from the nearby Indravati River. It is home to one of the last populations of rare wild buffalo.

Chhattisgarh
15 Namdapha (1982–83)

Namdapha National Park is a 1,985 km2 (766 sq mi) large protected area in Arunachal Pradesh of Northeast India. With more than 1,000 floral and about 1,400 faunal species, it is a biodiversity hotspot in the Eastern Himalayas. 

Arunachal Pradesh
16 Dudhwa (1987–88)

The Dudhwa National Park is a national park in the Terai belt of marshy grasslands of northern Uttar Pradesh, India. It stretches over an area of 490.3 km2 (189.3 sq mi), with a buffer zone of 190 km2 (73 sq mi). It is part of the Dudhwa Tiger Reserve in the Kheri and Lakhimpur districts

Uttar Pradesh
17 Kalakkad Mundanthurai (1988–89)

Kalakkad Mundanthurai Tiger Reserve (KMTR) located in the Southern Western Ghats in Tirunelveli district and Kanyakumari district in the South Indian state of Tamil Nadu, is the second-largest protected area in Tamil Nadu. It is part of the Agasthyamala Biosphere Reserve.

Tamil Nadu
18 Valmiki (1989–90)

Valmiki National Park, Tiger Reserve, and Wildlife Sanctuary, located at the India-Nepal border in the West Champaran district of Bihar, India on the bank of river Gandak. It is the only National park in Bihar.

Bihar
19 Pench (1992–93)

Pench Tiger Reserve or Pench National Park is one of the premier tiger reserves of India and the first one to straddle across two states – Madhya Pradesh and Maharashtra. Ordinarily, the reference to Pench is mostly to the tiger reserve in Madhya Pradesh(M.P).

Madhya Pradesh
20 Thadoba Andhari (1993–94)

The Tadoba Andhari Tiger Reserve is a wildlife sanctuary in the Chandrapur district of Maharashtra state in India. It is Maharashtra’s oldest and largest national park. Created in 1955, the reserve includes the Tadoba National Park and the Andhari Wildlife Sanctuary.

Maharashtra
21 Bandhavgarh (1993–94)

Bandhavgarh National Park is a national park of India, located in the Umaria district of Madhya Pradesh. Bandhavgarh, with an area of 105 square kilometers (41 sq mi), was declared a national park in 1968 and then became Tiger Reserve in 1993.

Madhya Pradesh
22 Panna (1994–95)

Panna National Park is a national park located in the Panna and Chhatarpur districts of Madhya Pradesh in India. It has an area of 542.67 km2 (209.53 sq mi). 

Madhya Pradesh
23 Dampa (1994–95)

Dampa Tiger Reserve or Dampha Tiger Reserve is a tiger reserve of western Mizoram, India

Mizoram
24 Bhadra (1998–99)

Bhadra Wildlife Sanctuary is a protected area and tiger reserve as part of the Project Tiger,

Karnataka
25 Pench – MH (1998-99) 

It is in Maharastra with an area of 741.22 square km

Maharashtra
26 Pakke (1999–2000)

Pakke Tiger Reserve, also known as Pakhui Tiger Reserve, is a Project Tiger reserve in the Pakke Kessang district of Arunachal Pradesh in northeastern India.

Arunachal Pradesh
27 Nameri (1999–2000)

Nameri National Park is a national park in the foothills of the eastern Himalayas in the Sonitpur District of Assam, India, about 35 km from Tezpur. 

Assam
28 Satpura (1999–2000)

Satpura Tiger Reserve (STR) also known as Satpura National Park is located in the Hoshangabad District of Madhya Pradesh in India. Its name is derived from the Satpura range. It covers an area of 524 km2

Madhya Pradesh
29 Annamalai (2008–09)

Annamalai Tiger Reserve, earlier known as Indira Gandhi Wildlife Sanctuary and National Park 

Tamil Nadu
30 Udnati-Sitanadi (2008–09)

Sitanadi Wildlife Sanctuary is located in Dhamtari District, Chhattisgarh, India. Sitanadi Wildlife Sanctuary is a famous tourist attraction that is frequented by wildlife enthusiasts throughout the year. The wildlife sanctuary was established in 1974 under the Wildlife Protection Act of 1972.

Chhattisgarh
31 Satkosia (2008–09)

Satkosia Tiger Reserve is a tiger reserve located in the Angul district of Odisha, India covering an area of 988.30 km².

Odisha
32 Kaziranga (2008–09)

Kaziranga National Park is a national park in the Golaghat, Karbi Anglong, and Nagaon districts of the state of Assam, India. The sanctuary, which hosts two-thirds of the world’s great one-horned rhinoceroses, is a World Heritage Site.

Assam
33 Achanakmar (2008–09)

The Achanakmar Wildlife Sanctuary is an Indian sanctuary in Mungeli district, Chhattisgarh State. It had been established in 1975, under the provisions of the Indian Wildlife Protection Act of 1972, and declared a Tiger Reserve under Project Tiger, in 2009.

Chhattisgarh
34 Kali (2007)

Kali Tiger Reserve is a protected area and tiger reserve. It is located in Uttara Kannada district, in Karnataka, India. The park is a habitat of Bengal tigers, black panthers, and Indian elephants, amongst other distinctive fauna.

Karnataka
35

Sanjay – Dubri (2011)

Sanjay National Park is a national park in the Koriya district of Chhattisgarh and Sidhi, Singrauli districts of Madhya Pradesh state, India. It covers an area of 466.657 km2(180.177 sq mi) and is a part of the Sanjay-Dubri Tiger Reserve.

Madhya Pradesh
36 Mudumalai (2007)

The Mudumalai National Park and Wildlife Sanctuary also a declared tiger reserve, lies in the northwestern side of the Nilgiri Hills, in Nilgiri District, about 150 kilometers (93 mi) north-west of Coimbatore city in Tamil Nadu, India. It shares its boundaries with the states of Karnataka and Kerala.

Tamil Nadu
37 Nagarhole (2007)

Nagarhole National Park is a national park located in Kodagu district and Mysore district in Karnataka, India. It is one of India’s premier Tiger Reserves along with the adjoining Bandipur Tiger Reserve and Wayanad Wildlife Sanctuary.

Karnataka
38 Parambikulam (2009)

Parambikulam Tiger Reserve, which also includes the erstwhile Parambikulam Wildlife Sanctuary, is a 391 square kilometers protected area in Palakkad district of Kerala state, South India

Kerala
39 Sahyadri (2012)

Sahyadri Tiger Reserve is a reserve in the state of Maharashtra, located in the Sahyadri Ranges of the Western Ghats of Maharashtra, it is part of the ecoregions of North Western Ghats moist deciduous forests and North Western Ghats montane rain forests.

Maharashtra
40 Biligiri Ranganatha Temple (2012)

located in Chamarajanagar district of
Karnataka State. This unique Bio-geographical habitat is in the middle of the bridge between Western and Eastern ghats in South India. The tiger reserve derives its name from ‘BILIGIRI ‘, the white rocky cliff which has a temple of Lord ‘VISHNU’ locally known as ‘Rangaswamy’

Karnataka
41 Kawal (2012)

Kawal Tiger Reserve is located at Jannaram Mandal of Mancherial District in the Telangana state of India. Govt of India declared the Kawal wildlife sanctuary as Tiger Reserve in 2012. The reserve is the oldest sanctuary in the northern Telangana region of the state

Telangana
42 Sathyamangalam (2013)

Sathyamangalam Tiger Reserve is a protected area and tiger reserve in the Eastern Ghats in the Erode District of the Indian state of Tamil Nadu.

Tamil Nadu
43 Mukandra Hills (2013–14)

The tiger reserve was constituted in the year 2013 which encompasses the area of Mukandra National Park, Dara Sanctuary, Jawahar Sagar Sanctuary, and part of Chambal Sanctuary (from Garadia Mahadev to Jawahar Sagar Dam), forming its core / critical tiger habitat. The forests of Kota, Chittorgarh, and Jhalawar are included in the buffer.

Rajasthan
44 Navegaon (2013)

Navegaon National Park is a National park located in the Arjuni Morgaon subdivision of Gondia district in the state of Maharashtra, India. The Dr. Salim Ali Bird Sanctuary, Navegaon is home to almost 60% of the bird species found in entire Maharashtra. 

Maharashtra
45 Amrabad (2014) Telangana
46 Pilibhit (2014)

Pilibhit Tiger Reserve located in Pilibhit and Shahjahanpur districts of Uttar Pradesh was notified as a tiger reserve in 2014. It forms part of the Terai Arc Landscape in the upper Gangetic Plain along the India-Nepal border.

Uttar Pradesh
47 Bor (2014)

Bor Tiger Reserve is a wildlife sanctuary that was declared as a tiger reserve in July 2014.

Maharashtra
48 Rajaji (2015)

Rajaji National Park is an Indian national park and tiger reserve that encompasses the Shivaliks, near the foothills of the Himalayas. It is spread over 820 km2 and three districts of Uttarakhand: Haridwar, Dehradun, and Pauri Garhwal. 

Uttarakhand
49 Orang (2016)

The Orang National Park is a national park in India located on the northern bank of the Brahmaputra River in Assam. It covers an area of 79.28 km2

Assam
50 Kamlang (2016)

The Kamlang Wildlife Sanctuary, established in 1989, is the 50th Tiger reserve in India

Arunachal Pradesh
51 Srivilliputhur – Megamalai (2021)

It is India’s 51st tiger reserve and 5th tiger reserve of Tamil Nadu. It is formed of combining two wildlife sanctuaries namely grizzled squirrel wildlife sanctuary and Megamalai wildlife sanctuary. On 6 April 2021, the Government of Tamil Nadu and the forest department approved the creation of a new Tiger Reserve in Tamilnadu, and on 11th of April 2021, a new tiger reserve is formed which is called as Megamalai Tiger Reserve. It is also called Srivilliputhur – Megamalai Tiger Reserve

Tamil Nadu
52 Ramgarh Vishdhari (2021) Rajasthan
53 Guru Ghasidas National Park and Tamor Pingla wildlife sanctuary Chattisgarh
54. Ranipur Tiger Reserve 

This tiger reserve is located in the Budelkhand region of Uttar Pradesh. It became the 54th tiger reserve in India.

Uttar Pradesh
CA/TS recognized tiger reserves:

India’s 14 Tiger Reserves are Global CA/TS recognized ( Global Conservation Assured|Tiger Standards (CA|TS).) 

S.NO Tiger reserves State
1. Manas Assam
2. Kaziranga Assam
3.  Orang Assam
4. Satpura Madhya Pradesh
5. Kanha Madhya Pradesh
6. Panna Madhya Pradesh
7. Pench  Maharashtra
8. Valmiki Tiger Reserve  Bihar
9. Dudhwa  Uttar Pradesh
10. Sunderbans   West Bengal
11. Parambikulam  Kerala
12. Bandipur Tiger Reserve   Karnataka
13. Mudumalai Tiger Reserve Tamil Nadu.
14. Anamalai Tiger Reserve Tamil Nadu.

Source: https://pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=1740353

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